The Taxonomy of Human Goals includes six different types of goals. Task goals represent desired outcomes of interactions with primarily non-social aspects of the environment. Social relationship goals represent desired outcomes associated with the ways we relate to other people. Some of those outcomes are primarily self-enhancing (self-assertive goals) and some are primarily other-enhancing (integrative goals).
The other three types of goals included in the Taxonomy focus on internal psychological states. Affective goals represent emotional and feeling states we might like to experience. Cognitive goals represent desired outcomes associated with perceiving and thinking. Finally, subjective organization goals represent psychological states that people may seek to experience involving a complex pattern of thoughts and feelings.
** Task Goals
Mastery > Meeting a challenging standard of achievement or improvement; avoiding incompetence, mediocrity, or decrements in performance.
Task Creativity > Engaging in activities involving artistic expression or creativity; avoiding tasks that do not provide opportunities for creative action.
Management > Maintaining order, organization, or productivity in daily life tasks; avoiding sloppiness, inefficiency, or disorganization.
Material Gain > Increasing the amount of money or tangible goods one has; avoiding the loss of money or material possessions.
Safety > Being unharmed, physically secure, and free from risk; avoiding threatening, depriving, or harmful circumstances.
** Self-Assertive Social Relationship Goals
Individuality > Feeling unique, special, or different; avoiding similarity or conformity.
Self-Determination > Experiencing a sense of freedom to act or make choices; avoiding the feeling of being pressured, constrained, or coerced.
Superiority > Comparing favorably to others in terms of winning, status, or success; avoiding unfavorable comparisons with others.
Resource Acquisition > Obtaining approval, support, assistance, advice, or validation from others; avoiding social disapproval or rejection.
** Integrative Social Relationship Goals
Belongingness > Building or maintaining attachments, friendships, intimacy, or a sense of community; avoiding feelings of social isolation or separateness
Social Responsibility > Keeping interpersonal commitments, meeting social role obligations, and conforming to social and moral rules; avoiding social transgressions and unethical or illegal conduct
Equity > Promoting fairness, justice, or equality; avoiding unfair actions.
Resource Provision > Giving approval, support, assistance, advice, or validation to others; avoiding selfish or uncaring behavior.
** Cognitive Goals
Curiosity > Satisfying one’s curiosity about personally meaningful events; avoiding a sense of being uninformed or not knowing what’s going on.
Understanding > Gaining knowledge or making sense out of something; avoiding misconceptions, erroneous beliefs, or feelings of confusion.
Intellectual Creativity > Engaging in activities involving original thinking or novel or interesting ideas; avoiding mindless or familiar ways of thinking.
Positive Self-Evaluations > Maintaining a sense of self-confidence, pride, or self-worth; avoiding feelings of failure, guilt, or incompetence.
** Affective Goals
Excitement > Experiencing excitement or heightened arousal; avoiding boredom or stressful inactivity.
Tranquility > Feeling relaxed and at ease; avoiding stressful overarousal.
Happiness > Experiencing feelings of joy, satisfaction, or well-being; avoiding feelings of emotional distress or dissatisfaction.
Bodily Sensations > Experiencing pleasure associated with physical sensations, physical movement, or bodily contact; avoiding unpleasant or uncomfortable bodily sensations.
Physical Well-Being > Feeling healthy, energetic, or physically robust; avoiding feelings of lethargy, weakness, or ill health.
** Subjective Organization Goals
Unity > Experiencing a profound or spiritual sense of connectedness, harmony, or oneness with people, nature, or a greater power; avoiding feelings of psychological disunity or disorganization.
Transcendence > Experiencing optimal or extraordinary states of functioning; avoiding feeling trapped within the boundaries of ordinary experience
Copyright 1988, 2004 by Martin E. Ford. All rights reserved. No portion of this work may be reproduced in any form without prior written permission of Martin E. Ford. For information about use of this taxonomy, contact Mind Garden, inc. info@mindgarden.com